7.4.2 The slope of either the gutter or deck plate shall be at least 1 in 120 toward the pump end and shall terminate in a tapped drain connection of at least NPS 2 (DN 50). The bottom of the connection shall be located sufficiently below the bottom of the rim or the deck to affect complete drainage.

排水沟或顶板的坡度应至少为 1 英寸 120的坡度，朝向泵端，并以一个至少为 NPS 2（DN 50）的带螺纹排水接口为终点。接口的底部应充分低于边缘或甲板的底部，方便完全排水。

解释：排水口，DN50

7.4.3 The baseplate shall extend under the pump and drive-train components so that any leakage is contained within the baseplate. To minimize accidental damage to components, all pipe joints and pipe flange faces, including pump suction and discharge flanges, shall be within the drain collection area. All other projections of the equipment supplied shall fall within the maximum perimeter of the baseplate. Oversized junction boxes may overhang the perimeter of the baseplate.

底座应延伸至泵和传动系统组件的下方，以便将任何泄漏都控制在底座范围内。为尽量减少对部件的意外损坏，所有管口接管和管道法兰面，包括泵的吸入和排出法兰，均应位于集液收集区内。所提供设备的投影部分均应位于底座的最大周长范围内。超大接线盒可能会悬挂在底座周边。

解释：除了接线盒，所有都应在底座范围内。有的机组的电机屁股会漏出在底座外面，其实是不满足本条要求的。

7.4.4 If driver, pump size, auxiliary, and seal flush plan permit, baseplates may have standardized dimensions as given in Annex D (reference Table D.1 and Figure D.1) . These baseplates are referred to as “Standard” baseplates, numbers 2.5 to 12”

如果驱动器、泵大小、辅助设备和密封冲洗方案允许，底座可采用附件 D 中给出的标准尺寸（参考表 D.1 和图 D.1）。这些底座被称为 "标准 "底座，编号为 2.5 至 12"。

解释：符合附件D尺寸的底座称为API底座。本条款使用的是may，说明使用表D.1的底座的要求，并不是强制要求。因此所有现在很多厂家即使不使用API标准底座也不提偏离。

7.4.5 Auxiliary systems shall not block access to maintain the pump, motor, and coupling. If it is not possible to achieve this on a standard baseplate, a nonstandard dimensioned baseplate shall be used.

辅助系统不得妨碍对泵、电机和联轴器进行维护。如果标准底座无法做到这一点，则应使用非标准尺寸的底座。

7.4.6 Baseplates for OH2 pumps shall have nothing (auxiliaries or seal flush plan) mounted beside or above the coupling or bearing housing. If the seal flush plan and/or auxiliaries are specified to be mounted on the baseplate, the increased length standard baseplate shall be used and the auxiliaries and/or seal flush plan  shall be mounted adjacent to the suction nozzle (see Figure 40).

OH2 泵的底座不得在联轴器或轴承箱旁边或上方安装任何部件（辅助装置或密封冲洗装置）。如果指定将密封冲洗装置和/或辅助装置安装在底座上，则应使用增加长度的标准底座，并将辅助装置和/或密封冲洗装置安装在吸入口附近位置（见图 40）。

解释：工程实际中，还是将密封系统安装在轴承箱两侧的比较多。图40的还是比较少的。按照本条要求，安装在轴承箱附近是不满足要求的。

Figure 40 Location for Seal Flush Plan or Auxiliaries Mounted on the Baseplate

图40—安装在底座上的密封冲洗系统或辅助设备的位置

7.4.7 The height of the pump-shaft centerline above the baseplate shall be minimized. Sufficient clearance shall be provided between the casing drain connection and the baseplate for connecting piping by the purchaser. For threaded drains, clearance shall allow the use of a nipple and elbow of the same size as the connection. The use of a street (male-female) elbow is not allowed.

应尽量降低泵轴中心线在底座上方的高度。泵壳排水口连接处与底座之间应留有足够的间隙，以便买方连接管道。对于螺纹排水管，应允许使用与连接尺寸相同的接管和弯头。不允许使用street弯头（外螺纹-内螺纹）。

解释：street elbow如下图左，正常elbow如下图右。

7.4.8 Mounting pads shall be provided for the pump and all drive-train components, such as motors and gears. The pads shall be larger than the foot of the mounted equipment, including extra width of shims under drive-train components, to allow levelling of the baseplate with a precision level, without removal of the equipment. The minimum exposed area on the mounting pads for leveling purposes shall be 2 in. (50 mm) on two sides of each foot. The pads shall be fully machined flat and parallel to each other. Corresponding surfaces shall be in the same plane within 0.002 in./ft (150 μm/m) of distance between the pads.

应为泵和所有传动系统部件（如电机和齿轮）提供安装垫块。垫块应大于所安装设备的底脚（包括传动系统组件下垫片的额外宽度），以便在不拆卸设备的情况下用精密水平仪调平底座。安装垫上用于调平的最小外露面积应为每个底脚两侧各 2 英寸（50 毫米）。垫块必须完全加工平整且相互平行。相应的表面应在同一平面内，垫块之间的偏差不得超过 0.002 英寸/英尺（150 微米/米）。

解释：mounting pad，就是指的如下的设备安装座。安装座应该比设备底脚两侧多出50mm。工程实际中基本很少有厂家能做到比设备底脚多出50mm。

If specified, the flatness requirement shall be demonstrated in the pump-vendor s shop prior to mounting of the equipment and with the baseplate supported at the foundation bolt holes only. This demonstration is to be performed with the baseplate in the unclamped condition, after completion of machining.

如果有规定，应在安装设备之前，在泵供应商的车间内对平面度要求进行展示（仅在基础螺栓孔处对底座进行支撑）。该展示应在加工完成后底座处于未夹紧状态时进行。

解释：此条是if specified，前面漏了黑点。之所以要求仅在地脚螺栓孔处进行支撑（此处仅是支撑，并不是灌浆等，工厂中只能支撑），是在模拟底座实际的支撑对中过程。

NOTE Installed baseplate flatness can be affected by transportation, handling, and installation procedures beyond the vendor s scope. For information, see API 686.

注：安装的底座平面度可能会受到运输、搬运和安装程序的影响，超出卖方的范围。有关信息，请参见 API 686。

7.4.9 Unless otherwise specified, pumps shall be mounted directly on mounting pads of the baseplate without shims. Shims shall not be used under the pump. Mounting pads for drive-train components shall be machined to allow for the installation of shims at least 0.12 in. (3 mm) thick under each component. If the vendor mounts the drive train components, a set of stainless steel shims (shim packs) at least 0.12 in. (3 mm) thick shall be furnished. Shim packs shall not be thicker than 0.5 in. (13 mm) nor contain more than  5 shims.  All shim packs shall straddle the hold-down bolts and vertical jackscrews and extend at least 1/4 in. (5 mm) beyond the outer edges of the equipment feet. If the vendor does not mount the components, the pads shall  not be drilled and shims shall not be provided.

除非另有规定，泵应直接安装在底座的安装垫上，不得使用垫片。不得在泵下使用垫片。传动系统组件的安装垫必须加工成允许在每个组件下安装至少 0.12 英寸 （3 毫米）厚的垫片。如果卖方安装传动系统部件，则必须提供一套至少 0.12 英寸 （3 毫米）厚的不锈钢垫片（垫片组）。垫片组的厚度不得超过 0.5 英寸（13 毫米），也不得包含超过 5 个垫片。所有垫片组必须跨过固定螺栓和垂直顶丝螺钉，并至少超出设备支脚外缘 1/4 英寸（5 毫米）。如果供应商不负责安装设备，则安装垫块不得钻孔，也不得提供垫片。

解释：mounting pads之前解释过了。本条要求，只允许在电机侧通过调整垫片来使得电机和泵的中心高一致。不得通过调整泵侧的中心高。并对电机侧的调整垫片的厚度和大小提出了要求。

7.4.10 If specified, in addition to shims under drive train components, pumps shall be mounted on solid stainless steel plates not less than 0.200 in. (5 mm) thick. Solid plates shall be machined parallel and flat on both sides and shall be the same length and width as the specific pump mounting feet.

如果有规定，除传动系统部件下的垫片外，泵还应安装在厚度不小于 0.200 英寸 （5 毫米）的实心不锈钢板上。实心板的两侧应加工成平行且平整，长度和宽度应与特定的泵安装支脚相同。

解释：可能是因为不锈钢的垫具有更好的耐腐蚀性吧。实际工程中基本没有这么干的。

7.4.11 All joints, including deck plate to structural members, shall be continuously seal-welded on both sides, or full penetration welded, to prevent crevice corrosion. Stitch welding anywhere, top or bottom, is unacceptable.

所有接缝，包括顶板与结构件之间的接缝，都必须在两侧进行连续密封焊接或全熔透焊接，以防止缝隙腐蚀。无论顶部还是底部，任何地方的针脚缝焊都是不可接受的。

解释：stich welding就是间断焊接，类似于针脚焊缝。如下图所示

7.4.12 The bottom of the baseplate between structural members shall be open  if  the baseplate is designed to be installed and grouted to a concrete foundation. Accessibility shall be provided for grouting under all load- carrying members. The bottom of the baseplate shall be in one plane to permit use of a single level foundation.

如果底座设计用于安装和灌浆到混凝土地基上，结构构件之间的底部应是开放的。所有承重构件下的灌浆均应无障碍。底座底部应在一个平面内，以便使用单一标高的基础。

7.4.13 Sufficient cross members shall be provided under pump and driver supports and the members  shall  be shaped to lock positively into the grout.

在泵和驱动器支架下应设置足够的横梁，横梁的形状应能牢固地嵌入灌浆中。

7.4.14 All baseplates shall be provided with at least one grout hole having a clear area  of  at  least 20 in.2 (125 cm2) and with no dimension less than 3 in. (75 mm) in each bulkhead section. These holes shall be located to permit filling the entire cavity under the baseplate without creating air pockets. If practical, the holes shall be accessible for grouting with the pump and driver installed on the baseplate. Grout holes in the deck plate area shall have 0.5 in. (13 mm) raised lip edges. If the holes are located in an area where liquids can impinge on the exposed grout, metallic covers with a minimum thickness of 0.06 in. (1.5 mm, 16 gauge) shall be provided. Vent holes at least 0.5 in. (13 mm) in diameter shall be provided at the highest point in each bulkhead section of the baseplate. The vendor shall state on the pump arrangement drawing whether any equipment needs to be removed to accomplish grouting of the baseplate.

所有底座的每个隔板空间必须至少有一个灌浆孔，其净面积至少为 20 英寸 2 （125 平方厘米），且尺寸不得小于 3 英寸 （75 毫米）。这些孔的位置应能填满底座下的整个空腔，而不会产生气穴。在可行的情况下，这些孔应可在泵和驱动器已经安装在底座上的情况下进行灌浆。底座区域的灌浆孔应具有 0.5 英寸（13 毫米）的凸唇边。如果灌浆孔位于液体可能侵蚀外露灌浆的区域，则必须提供最小厚度为 0.06 英寸（1.5 毫米，16 号）的金属盖。应在底座每个隔板部分的最高点设置直径至少为 0.5 英寸（13 毫米）的通风孔。供应商应在泵布置图上说明是否需要拆卸任何设备来完成底座的灌浆。

解释：也就是净面积不小于125平方厘米（相当于直径为12.6cm）的孔径，孔有突边，防水进入，带有厚度1.5mm的金属盖子。现在很多厂家都是这么做的。虽然国内的施工标准并没有要求底座进行灌浆。但是从API这条新增要求看出，底座内还是要进行三次灌浆的。

附图：

7.4.15 The outside corners of the baseplate in contact with the grout shall have at least 2 in. (50 mm) radii in the plan view to minimize stress risers in the grout (see Figure D.1).

底座与灌浆料接触的外角在平面图上应至少有 2 英寸（50 毫米）的半径，以尽量减少灌浆料中的应力陡升（见图 D.1）。

解释：见图D.1

7.4.16 Unless otherwise specified, the vendor shall commercially sand-blast, in accordance with ISO 8501 Grade Sa2 or SSPC SP 6, all grout contact surfaces of the baseplate and coat those surfaces with a primer compatible with epoxy grout. The manufacturer shall advise the purchaser the actual primer used.

除非另有规定，卖方应按照 ISO 8501 Grade Sa2 或 SSPC SP 6 对底座的所有灌浆接触面进行商业喷砂处理，并在这些表面涂上与环氧灌浆相适应的底漆。制造商应告知买方实际使用的底漆。

NOTE Grouts other than epoxy can require alternative surface preparation. Full bond-strength of epoxy grout is not  generally necessary (7.4.13).

注：环氧树脂以外的灌浆料可能需要进行其他表面处理。一般不需要具有完全粘结强度的环氧树脂灌浆料（7.4.13）。

解释：环氧树脂灌浆料是一种无溶剂，高流动性，高强度，高耐腐蚀的灌浆材料，它由三个组分（环氧树脂，固化剂，填充料）混合而成，可以用于各种工程设备的安装和固定。但是其价格比较贵，而且对一些涂漆有一定的腐蚀性，所以要求底座上的涂漆应该与环氧树脂灌浆料相匹配。

7.4.17 The baseplate shall have provisions for at least four lifting points. Lifting the baseplate, complete with all equipment mounted, shall not permanently distort or otherwise damage the baseplate or the machinery mounted on it.

 底座应至少有四个起吊点。已经安装有所有设备的底座在起吊时，不得使底座或安装在底座上的机械永久变形或受到其他损坏。

7.4.18 Lifting lugs attached to the baseplate or equipment shall be designed using a maximum allowable stress of one-third of the specified minimum yield strength of the material.

与底座或设备相连的吊耳在设计时，其最大容许应力应为规定的材料最小屈服强度的三分之一。

7.4.18.1 Lugs or trunnions that are attached by welding shall have continuous welds. These welds shall be 100 % NDT tested in accordance with the applicable code (see Table 11).

通过焊接连接的吊耳或耳轴应具有连续焊缝。这些焊缝必须按照适用规范进行 100% 的无损检测（见表 11）。

解释：lug（左图） 和trunnions（右图）分别如下图所示。且要求焊缝进行100%无损检测，防止吊装时发生断裂。但是国内泵厂基本不会对吊耳的焊缝进行100%无损检测。

7.4.18.2 Baseplates for installation in ambient temperatures below -20 °F ( -29 °C), unless  otherwise  specified, shall be constructed from standard structural steel materials and shapes since they are static, no impact, nonpressure boundary supports.

安装在环境温度低于 -20 °F （-29 °C）的底座，除非另有规定，必须使用标准的钢结构材料和形状，因为它们是静态的、无冲击的、非压力边界支撑。

解释：也就是说，低温工况的底座也可以用普通碳钢。

NOTE Low-temperature steels are not commonly available in  structural  shapes  routinely  used  for  baseplate  construction.

注：通常用于底座结构的低温钢的结构形状并不常见。

7.4.18.3 The lifting lugs for low-temperature baseplates per 7.4.18.1 shall be constructed of low-temperature carbon steel or steel alloys rated for the low ambient temperature. If specified, Charpy impact testing of materials shall be required on low-temperature lifting lugs. Welds on the low-temperature lifting lugs shall be inspected as shown in Table 14. Lifting lugs that are bolted to the baseplate shall have bolting rated for low ambient temperature.

用于 7.4.18.1 所述低温底座的吊耳必须由低温碳钢或低温合金钢制成。如有规定，必须对低温吊耳的材料进行夏比冲击试验。低温起重吊耳上的焊缝必须按表 14 所示进行检查。用螺栓固定在底座上的吊耳，其螺栓必须符合低温环境的要求。

7.4.19 Alignment positioning jackscrews shall be provided for drive-train components to facilitate horizontal transverse and longitudinal adjustments on the mounting pads. The jackscrews shall be suitably sized for the weight of the drive train component and shall be not less than size 1/2 to 13 UNC (M12). The jackscrews and any alignment fixtures shall not interfere with the installation or removal of shims under the drive component feet. Any fixtures or any brackets used to hold removable fixtures that are welded to the baseplate shall be welded prior to the machining the mounting pads to prevent distortion.

必须为传动系统组件提供对中顶丝，以方便在安装垫上进行水平横向和纵向调整。顶丝的尺寸必须与传动系统部件的重量相适应，且尺寸不得小于 1/2 至 13 UNC (M12)。顶丝和任何校准固定装置不得妨碍安装或拆除传动部件支脚下面的垫片。焊接在底座上的任何固定装置或用于固定可移动装置的任何支架都必须在加工安装垫之前焊接，以防止变形。

解释：就是应该先焊接顶块，再加工mounting pad，防止先机加工，然后焊接顶丝块后，因热应力引起mounting pad瓢了。如下图，电机和泵安装垫上的对中顶丝。

7.4.20 Vertical levelling screws shall be provided adjacent to each anchor bolt to level the baseplate during baseplate installation. The jackscrews shall be adequate for the weight of the baseplate, pump, and drive-train components.

每个地脚螺栓旁边都应配备垂直调平螺钉，以便在安装底座时调平底座。顶丝应足以承受底座、泵和传动系统组件的重量。

解释：底座顶丝

7.4.21 The baseplate design shall have provisions for sufficient anchor bolting to withstand nozzle loads, driver torque, and any specified acceleration loads.

底座设计必须有足够的地脚螺栓，以承受管口载荷、驱动扭矩和任何规定的加速载荷。

7.4.22 If specified, anchor bolts shall be provided by the pump vendor.

如有规定，应由泵供应商提供地脚螺栓。

解释：实际中国工程中，地脚螺栓大多都是厂家供货的

7.4.23 To minimize misalignment of the pump and driver shafts due to nozzle loads, the pump and its baseplate shall be constructed with sufficient structural stiffness to limit displacement of the pump shaft at the drive end of the shaft or at the register fit of the coupling hub to the values shown in Table 13.  These values are the acceptance criteria for the nozzle load test in 7.4.24. Grout shall not be used as a means of obtaining the required stiffness during this test.

为尽量减少管口载荷造成的泵轴和驱动轴的不对中，泵及其底座必须具有足够的结构刚度，以限制泵轴的驱动端或联轴器毂注册配合处的位移，使其不超过表 13 所示的值。这些值是 7.4.24 中管口负载试验的验收标准值。在该试验中，不得使用灌浆作为获得所需刚度的手段。

解释：管口试验负载试验，是非必做试验，见7.4.24.

NOTE  It is recognized that grout can significantly increase the stiffness of the baseplate  assembly. By neglecting this  effect, the adequacy of the baseplate can easily be verified at the vendor's shop. It is also noted that thermal growth, piping fabrication errors, and alignment error all contribute to the actual shaft displacement values achieved in the field. Adherence to the nozzle load values in Table 5 limits the total displacement at the pump and drive shaft ends to approximately 0.010 in. (250 μm) (see Annex F).

注：灌浆可显著增加底座的刚度。由于忽略了这一影响，底座的刚度可以很容易地在卖方的车间进行验证。我们还注意到，热膨胀、管道制造误差和对中误差都会影响现场实际达到的轴位移值。遵守表 5 中的管口载荷值可将泵和驱动轴末端的总位移限制在约 0.010 英寸（250 微米）（见附件 F）。

7.4.24 If specified, the vendor shall test to demonstrate that the pump and its baseplate assembly, anchored at foundation bolt hole locations, are in compliance with 7.4.23. The pump casing shall be subjected to moments MYc and MZc applied to either the suction or discharge nozzle but not both simultaneously such that the corresponding shaft displacements can be measured and recorded. MYc and MZc shall not be applied simultaneously. The shaft displacement measurements shall be absolute (not relative to the baseplate). For record purposes, the vendor's test data shall include a schematic drawing of test set-up, the calculated moment loads (MYc  and  MZc), and the applied moment loads and their corresponding displacements at the drive end  of the pump shaft.

如有规定，卖方应进行测试，以证明锚定在地基螺栓孔位置的泵及其底座组件符合 7.4.23 的要求。泵壳应承受施加在吸入口或排出口上的 MYc 和 MZc 力矩，但不得同时施加，以便测量和记录相应的轴位移。MYc 和 MZc 不得同时施加。轴位移测量应为绝对测量（而非相对于基板）。为便于记录，供应商的测试数据应包括测试设置示意图、计算出的力矩载荷（MYc 和 MZc）、施加的力矩载荷及其在泵轴驱动端的相应位移。

解释：如下图，将联轴器拆除（但是需要带上电机），分别在管口施加Myc和Mzc两个力矩，观察测量下右图坐标系原点位置的位移（相对于地面位移，而不是相对于基板位移），是否满足下表的要求。

为什么不考察Mxc呢，是因为Mxc不会影响轴末端的位移。

Table 13  Stiffness Test Acceptance Criteria

表13—刚度测试接受标准 

7.5.1 Gauges

仪表

Temperature indicators and pressure gauges shall be in accordance with API 614.

温度指示器和压力表应符合 API 614 标准。

7.5.2 Vibration, Position, and Temperature Detectors

振动，位移，和温度探头

7.5.2.1 The purchaser shall specify whether accelerometers shall be provided. If provided, accelerometers shall be installed and tested in accordance with API 670.

买方应指定是否提供加速度探头。如果提供，加速度探头的安装和测试应符合 API 670 的规定。

7.5.2.2 If specified for equipment with hydrodynamic radial and thrust bearings, provision shall be made for mounting two radial-vibration probes in each bearing housing, two axial-position probes at the thrust end of each machine, and a one-event-per-revolution probe in each machine. If supplied, these provisions shall be in accordance with API 670.

如果规定设备具有流体动压径向和推力轴承，则必须规定在每个轴承箱上安装两个径向振动探头，在每台机器的推力端安装两个轴向位置探头，在每台机器上安装一个每转一次事件的探头。如果提供，这些规定必须符合 API 670 标准。

解释：one-event-per-revolution probe就是键相位探头。一般来说，流体动压轴承也分为自润滑（或称为甩油润滑）的流体动压轴承，以及强制带油站的流体动压轴承。带油站的强制润滑轴承一般是需要带测振和位移和键相位探头的，但是自润滑的流体动压轴承一般不配置测振和位移探头。

7.5.2.3 The purchaser shall specify whether detectors shall be provided. If provided, detectors and their mounting and calibration shall be installed and tested in accordance with API 670.

买方应指定是否提供探头。如果提供，探头及其安装和校准必须按照 API 670 进行安装和测试。

7.5.2.4 If provisions or detectors are provided, surface areas to be observed by the radial shaft vibration probes (probe areas) shall meet the requirements of API 670.

如果有规定或提供了探头，径向轴振动探头检测的表面区域（探头区域）必须符合 API 670 的要求。

解释：API670规定了探头检测区域的表面粗糙度，表面平整度，探头与轴之间的间隙。

7.5.2.5 If specified, hydrodynamic thrust and radial bearings shall be fitted with bearing metal temperature detectors. If pressure-lubricated hydrodynamic thrust and radial bearings are fitted with temperature detectors, the detectors and their mounting and calibration shall be supplied, installed, and tested in accordance with API 670.

如果有规定，流体动压推力轴承和径向轴承必须安装轴承金属温度探头。如果压力润滑流体动压推力轴承和径向轴承装有温度探测器，则探测器及其安装和校准必须按照 API 670 提供、安装和测试。

解释：一般来说，流体动压轴承也分为自润滑（或称为甩油润滑）的流体动压轴承，以及强制带油站的流体动压轴承。带油站的强制润滑轴承一般是需要轴承测温，但是自润滑的流体动压轴承一般不配置轴承测温（也有要求配的）。

7.5.2.6 If specified, monitors with cables connecting to vibration, axial-position, or temperature detectors shall be provided. If provided, monitors and cables shall be supplied in accordance with API 670.

如果有规定，必须提供带电缆的振动监视器、轴向位置或温度探头所需的监视器。如果提供，监控器和电缆必须按照 API 670 提供。

解释：这里的监视器monitors，可以理解是带有显示的变送器或者3500，带有处理信号，显示和报警功能。具体探头，延伸电缆，前置器以及监控系统。

7.5.2.7 If specified, monitors and cables shall be installed on the pump-driver train within the confines of the baseplate in accordance with API 670.

如果有规定，应按照 API 670 将监视器和电缆安装在底座范围内的泵驱系统上。

解释：振动或者位移变送器，可以安装在泵底座上。

7.6 Piping and Appurtenances

管道和附属设备

7.6.1 General

概述

7.6.1.1 Piping shall be in accordance with API 614, API 682, and this standard. API 682 and this standard take precedence in case of conflicts with API 614.

管道必须符合 API 614、API 682 和本标准。当 API 682 和本标准与 API 614 发生冲突时，以 API 682 和本标准为准。

7.6.1.2 Auxiliary systems are defined as piping systems that are in the following services:

辅助系统系指用于下列服务的管道系统：

——auxiliary process liquids;辅助流程流体

——steam;蒸汽

——cooling water;冷却水

——lubricating oil (see 9.2.6).润滑油（见9.2.6）

Auxiliary system materials shall be in accordance with Table H.4.

辅助系统材料应符合表 H.4 的规定。

NOTE Auxiliary connections are discussed in 6.4.3.

注：6.4.3 中讨论了辅助接口。

7.6.1.3 The piping systems shall be fully assembled and installed. If this requirement causes difficulty in shipping and handling, alternative arrangements are acceptable with purchaser approval.

管道系统必须完全组装和安装。如果这一要求给运输和装卸带来困难，经采买方批准，可采用其他安排。

7.6.1.4 If specified, barrier/buffer fluid reservoirs shall be designed for mounting off the pump baseplate and shall be shipped separately. These reservoirs shall be fully assembled, except that the fluid-circulation tubing shall not be supplied.

如果有规定，阻隔 / 缓冲液储液器应设计成可安装在泵的底座上，并应单独装运。除不提供流体循环管外，这些储液器应完全组装好。

解释：绝大部分的机封系统都安装在泵底座上，但是比如PP装置的轴流泵，Plan53C的机封系统就是独立安装的，但是机封冲洗管路仍然是厂家散件供货，现场安装。

7.6.1.5 The vendor shall furnish and locate all piping systems, including mounted appurtenances, within the confines of the baseplate.

卖方应在底座范围内提供所有管道系统，包括安装的附属设备，并确定其位置。

7.6.1.6 If specified, each piping system shall be manifolded to a single purchaser's inlet or outlet connection near the edge and within the confines of the baseplate.

如果有规定，每个管道系统必须在底座范围内靠近底座边缘的位置，将入口和出口集合成供买方连接的单一入口或单一出口。

解释：现在也基本这么要求，能合并的管口尽量合并。

NOTE The data sheet allows selection of this option for vent, cooling water, and drain connections.

注 ：数据表允许为排气口、冷却水和排水口的连接选择该选项。

7.6.1.7 The bolting requirements of 6.1.36 shall apply to the connection of auxiliary piping to the equipment. Flange fasteners on stainless steel piping systems for lubricating oil services shall be stainless steel or if specified, low-alloy steel (e.g. ASTM A193/A194M, Grade B7) with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating or other coating method acceptable to purchaser. Cadmium plated bolting is not acceptable.

6.1.36 的螺栓连接要求应适用于辅助管道与设备的连接。用于润滑油的不锈钢管道系统上的法兰紧固件应为不锈钢，或指定的低合金钢（如 ASTM A193/A194M，B7 级），带有聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE) 涂层或买方可接受的其他涂层方法。不接受镀镉螺栓。

解释：一般油系统的螺栓也是不锈钢的。之所以不接受镀铬螺栓，是因为镀铬层容易损坏，造成腐蚀。

7.6.1.8 Plugs shall comply with 6.4.3.5.

堵头应符合 6.4.3.5 的规定

解释：不允许使用塑料堵头（塞子）。

7.6.2 Auxiliary Process Liquid Piping

辅助工艺流体管道

7.6.2.1 Auxiliary process-liquid piping includes vent lines, drain lines, balance lines, product flushing lines, and lines for injection of external fluid.

辅助工艺流体管道包括排气管路、排液管路、平衡管路、产品冲洗管路和外部液体注入管路。

7.6.2.2 Piping components shall have a pressure-temperature rating at least equal to MAWP of the pump casing but in no case less than the ASME flange rating of the discharge connection of the pump.

管道组件的压力-温度额定值应至少等于泵壳的 MAWP，但在任何情况下都不得低于泵排放接口的 ASME 法兰额定值。

解释：也就是说密封冲洗管道也应该按照MAWP制造，API682也是这么规定的。尤其是对于BB5的多级大泵，泵的出口压力等级经常是1500#的，也就要求机封系统及机封冲洗管线都是1500#的（除非机封系统或泵入口设置安全阀）。

7.6.2.3 Piping and components subject to the process liquid shall have a corrosion/erosion resistance equal to or better than that of the casing. Otherwise, all components shall be steel.

受工艺流体影响的管道和部件的耐腐蚀/抗侵蚀性应等于或优于泵壳的耐腐蚀/抗侵蚀性。否则，所有部件均应为钢的。

解释：之前说过了，比如泵为12%Cr材质的泵，其排凝管线和平衡管管线要求是316的，或者6625材质的，级别比12%Cr材质要高。

7.6.2.4 Orifice openings shall not be less than 0.12 in. (3 mm) in diameter. Orifice hole size shall be stamped on the orifice plate. The purchaser shall specify orifice tagging or labelling requirements.

 孔板开工不得小于 0.12 英寸（3 毫米）。孔板上应标明孔径大小。买方应规定孔板铭牌或标签要求。

7.6.2.5 Drain valves and a drain manifold shall be supplied for pumps that require more than one drain connection. The drain manifold shall be inside the drain pan limits.

对于需要一个以上排液接口的泵，必须提供排液阀和排液集合管。排液集合管应位于集液盘范围内。

Unless otherwise specified, for pumps with one drain connection, the drain shall be closed with a blind flange and gasket if a drain valve is not provided. The vendor shall provide space on the baseplate for a purchaser- supplied drain valve inside the pump drain pan or drain rim.

除非另有规定，对于只有一个排液接口的泵，如果不提供排液阀，则应使用盲法兰和垫片封闭排液口。卖方应在底座上留出空间，以便在泵集液盘或排水边缘内安装买方提供的排水阀。

解释：绝大数情况，排液阀都是由卖方提供。

7.6.2.6 For pumps in pipeline services, vent and drain connections that are threaded shall be plugged. Plugs shall be compatible with process fluid.

对于管线服务中的泵，螺纹连接的排气和排水接口必须堵塞。塞子应与工艺流体兼容。

7.6.2.7 If heating or cooling is provided, each exchanger component shall be suitable for the process liquid and cooling water to which it is exposed.

如果提供加热或冷却，每个交换器部件都必须适合其所接触的工艺流体和冷却水。

解释：就是换热器部件不与工艺流体和冷却水发生腐蚀，反应等。

7.6.2.8 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, flanges or counter-flanges on the first pipe nipples threaded into seal gland connections shall be lap-joint flanges with butt-weld attachments to the nipples. With purchaser approval, socket-welded unions may be used in place of lap-joint flanges at the first connection from the seal gland.

除非买方另有规定，否则与密封压盖螺纹连接的第一个管接头上的法兰或对法兰，应为与管接头对焊连接的松套法兰。经买方批准，可在密封压盖的第一个连接处使用承插焊联合接头代替松套法兰。

解释：lap-joint flange就是松套法兰，如下图第一张。之所以要求松套法兰，是因为这样方便拆卸机封冲洗系统。

但是现在常规的做法还是socked weld unions连接。

Socket welded unions，如下图第二张，与卡套连接还是不太一样的。一个适合pipe，一个适合tube。工程实际中，还是使用右图的情况比较多。

NOTE Threaded connections are allowed on gland connections (see 6.4.3.5). If the remainder of the piping arrangement  is flanged construction, a lap-joint flange or union welded to the first pipe nipple threaded into each seal gland connection enables repeated assembly and disassembly of the threaded connection without overstressing the threads. Socket-welded unions supplied in stainless steel tend to leak after repeated assembly and disassembly.

注：压盖连接处允许使用螺纹连接（见 6.4.3.5）。如果管道布置的其余部分为法兰结构，则在每个密封压盖连接处的第一个螺纹管接头上焊接一个松套法兰或活接头，这样可以重复装配和拆卸螺纹连接，而不会对螺纹造成过大应力。不锈钢承插焊联合接头在反复组装和拆卸后容易发生泄漏。

解释：还是推荐用松套法兰的形式，但是工程上还是使用Socket-welded unions的情况比较多。

7.6.2.9 Threaded piping joints may be used only on seal glands, bearing housing instrumentation connections, and for pumps in pipeline services with maximum operating temperature not greater than 130 °F (55 °C).

螺纹管道接头只能用于密封格兰、轴承箱仪表连接，以及最高工作温度不超过 130 °F (55 °C) 的管线服务中的泵。

7.6.2.10 Transmitters and pressure gauges shall have block-and-bleed valves.

变送器和压力表必须有BB阀。

解释：block-and-bleed就是双阀组，也叫BB阀，一个用于截止，一个用于排气。

附图如下。

7.6.3 Cooling-water Piping

冷却水管线

7.6.3.1 The arrangement of cooling-water piping shall conform to Figure B.2, Figure  B.3,  Figure  B.4,  Figure B.5, Figure B.6, and Figure B.7, as applicable.

冷却水管道的布置，应符合图 B.2、图 B.3、图 B.4、图 B.5、图 B.6 和图 B.7 的规定（如适用）。

7.6.3.2 Individual coolers and cooler elements shall be piped in parallel such that cooling water does not cool multiple coolers in series.

独立冷却器和冷却器元件必须并联，使冷却水不会冷却串联的多个冷却器。

7.6.3.3 The cooling-water piping shall be designed for the conditions in 6.1.28.

冷却水管道的设计必须符合 6.1.28 中的条件。

7.7 Special Tools

特殊工具

7.7.1 If special tools and fixtures are required to disassemble, assemble, or maintain the unit, they shall be included in the quotation and furnished as part of the initial supply of the machine. For multiple-unit installations, the requirements for quantities of special tools and fixtures shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and the vendor. These or similar special tools shall be used during shop assembly and post-test disassembly of the equipment.

如果拆卸、组装或维护设备需要专用工具和定制工具，则应将其包括在报价中，并作为机器初始供货的一部分提供。对于多台设备的安装，特殊工具和定制工具的数量要求应由买方和卖方商定。这些或类似的特殊工具应在车间组装和设备测试后，拆卸时使用。

7.7.2 If special tools are provided, they shall be packaged in separate, rugged metal boxes and marked “special tools for (tag/item number)”. Each tool shall be stamped or tagged to indicate its intended use.

如果提供特殊工具，必须用单独的坚固金属盒包装，并标明"特殊工具（标签/项目编号）"。每件工具都必须打上标记或标签，以表明其用途。

8 Inspection, Testing, and Preparation for Shipment

检查，测试和发货准备

8.1 General

概述

8.1.1 The purchaser and the vendor shall agree on the points covered in 8.1.1.1 through 8.1.1.4.

买方和卖方应就 8.1.1.1 至 8.1.1.4 所述各点达成一致。

8.1.1.1 If shop inspection and testing have been specified, the purchaser and the vendor shall coordinate hold points and inspector’s visits.

如果规定了车间检查和测试，买方和卖方应协调待检点和检查员的造访。

解释：hold points就是待检点，前面的名词解释有。

8.1.1.2 The expected dates of testing shall be communicated at least 30 days in advance and the actual dates confirmed as agreed. Unless otherwise agreed